Topic 30 Prepositions
Prepositions are words that connect nouns or F2 (Gerunds).
Nouns ----- a noun / a noun
phrase / a noun clause.
F2 = V + ing ----- Gerunds
Forms of Prepositions
about,
above, across, before, after, against, along, among, between, around (round), as, at, behind, in
front of, below, above, beneath, underneath, beside, beyond, by, despite, in
spite of, down, up for, from, in, into, like, of, off, on, over, to, towards, through,
throughout, under, with, without,
within
* After Preposition
Preposition + noun / F2
* Before preposition
1. Noun + preposition + noun /
F2 faith
in achieving the goals
2. Verb + preposition + noun / F2 believe in hard work
3. Adjective + preposition +
noun / F2
good at handicraft / cooking
1. about
a)
concerning / in connection with
about Tom
b) at a place / time near to walk
about the place at about 12.30pm
c) around (here and there in a place) about TimTom supermarket
d) ask for opinion What
about …………?
discussion about enthusiasm about feeling about
opinion
about talk
about worry/
worried about
angry
about sorry
about cry
about
happy
about bother about debate about / on
dispute about / on / against hesitate
about / over
inform about / of
inquire about / after question about
reason
about / with revolve about sympathise
about/on/with bring about hopeful about / of keen about / on
mistaken about troubled about / with
[They] are talking
about (the performance) of (Mary) in (the competition).
[She] often boasts
about (her success).
[We] met each other at
about the airport last Thursday.
He came at about 3.00 pm
this afternoon.
Henry
likes to walk about the town when he is free.
He wishes to travel
about the world some day.
2. above
a) higher than / over above the roof
b) more than above
RM100 69
above the horizon above
the head above all
above suspicion above me above
asking above the reason
The
ceiling above us is intricately designed.
He only gets up when the
sun rises above the horizon.
This book won’t cost
above ten dollars.
That test is above my ability.
I am going to flop this time.
3. across
a) from one side to the other side -----
across the river
b) on the other side of sth ----- across the street
across the river across the street/ road across the field
across the room his
arms across his chest across
the channel
The old man is walking
carefully across the street.
The little boy was
running across the field just now.
The post office is just across the street
from May Bank.
Her school is just
across the river
4. after x before
a) later that after
school | after meal
b) behind look
after |
run after
c) next to
after school after
meal after
lunch
after February after
6 o’clock look
after
Alice goes home straight away after school.
Lina eats some snack
after meal.
Mark looks after his pet
well.
After he has sealed up
all the boxes, the workers will load them onto the lorry.
5. against
a) in opposition / contrast to -----
say against somebody
b) in contact with ----- lean against
c) in preparation for
d) opposite to sth so as to cancel / lessen -----
object against
e) in return for something ----- provide against
argue about /against/ over balance
against / with
brush against claim
against
compete against dispute
about /against /on
ensure against / from object
against / to
prevail against / over protect
against / from
provide against / for / with remonstrate against / on /with
revolt against / from testify
against / for / to 70
vote against / for / in / on witness against / for
proof against discrimination
against
fight against lean
against
Sam chose the course
very much against the will of his parents.
That lady often talks
against Lucia.
The people are on full
alert against bird flu.
She likes to lean
against the wall / pole when she is standing.
6. along
a) in parallel with
b) on the side from one end to another
along
the beach along the street along the road
My grandparents like to
take a stroll along the beach.
The old man walked
slowly along the road to town
7. among (more than 2) Vs between
(2 persons / two groups)
a) in a group / number more than two
b) surrounded by somebody (sb) / something (sth)
more than two
among the bushes among
the friends among the flowers
share among divide
among quarrel
among
among the trees among
the students
She works among the
flowers. She is a florist.
They have to decide
among themselves how to organise a function.
It is not easy to stand
out among so many athletes in the Olympic games.
8. around / round
a) here and there in
b) near to a place / time
c) forming a circle around sth
around the country around
the town around the world
around the neighbourhood
The little boy looked
around for his mother.
He came around 3.00 pm
yesterday afternoon.
She put her arm around
her mother.
9. as ----
preposition
a) have the appearance / look like
b) having the function / character of
c) since sb is as
his adviser
d) when / while sb is as a housewife
as a judge as a clerk as an accountant 71
He disguised as a security guard to enter the hall.
She works as a teacher.
Ahmad acted as a fireman
in the play.
10. at
----- a point in space
a) at home | at church | at school
b) refer
to an activity in the building
at the cinema | theatre
| at the concert | at the hospital | at the Grand Hotel
c) person’s home / place of work at his home
| at the bank
----- a point in time
a) at 3 pm | at dawn | at the time
b) age at
50
c) indicating a period of time at
night | at weekends | at Christmas
----- in the direction of
aim ……at | shoot at …| shout at (shout to)
---- used to measure a cost, rate, degree, level,
age, speed
at the price | at the
rate of | at the degree
---------- indicating
order | frequency
at the first attempt |
at 30-minute interval
----- indicating a state, condition / continuous
activity
at war | at ease | at play | at work
at 3 p.m at dawn at night
at 50 at
RM10.00 at great speed
at 30 degrees at
rest smile at
at anchor at
fault at the beginning
at one’s command at
ease at a disadvantage
at work at
intervals at short notice
at heart peace
at at a distance
attendance at dissatisfaction
at
John is at work now.
Tom arrived at 5 pm last
Tuesday.
The book is sold at
RM10.00.
The man was fined for
driving at great speed.
11. before x after
a) earlier than
b) in front of
c) in a more important position
before meal before
10 am before lunch
before school before
the meeting before the audience
72
Mr Lee came before Mr
Ling this morning.
Siti sits before Helen
in the class.
Tom puts his family
before him.
12. behind
a) at the back of sb / sth
b) slower / less progress
c) in favour of / supportive of
behind the door behind
somebody behind the schedule
behind other in studies
The little boy hid
behind the door just now.
Her project is behind
the schedule.
John sits behind Peter
in the class.
13. below x above
a) lower than
b) under
below
15 years old below the knee
below freezing point below
the average
The winter here last
year was below freezing point.
The income of most of
the people in that village is below the average.
14. beneath
| underneath
a) in a lower position than
b) under
c) not worth of
= below / under / underneath
beneath his dignity beneath her estimation
Picking up the
handkerchief for her is beneath his dignity.
The great loss in
business was beneath her estimation.
15. beside
a) at the side of
b) next to
c) compare with (sb / sth)
Henry sits beside Jean
in the class.
The bank is beside the
post office.
16. besides
a) in addition to
b) apart from
Besides Fatimah,
everybody went on a picnic last Saturday. 73
Besides working as a
teacher, she also works as a travel agent.
17. beyond
a) at a more distant point than
b) later than
c) not within the range
beyond my understanding beyond
that field
There is a temple beyond that mountain.
That article is beyond
my understanding.
18. by
a) beside / at the side / near by the river
b) along / across / pass through by the side gate
c) past walk by
the temple
d) not later than by next week
e) during / in by
day / night
f) action / power / work of by Alice
through the means of sth by
gas | by cheque | by letter | by writing
g) indicating means of transport by bus
h) as
a result of | because of by
chance | mistake | accident | skill
i) indicate a part of the body by the hand | by the neck | by the
collar
j) as a standard / unit by the day
| the week | the month | the yard
k) in successive units inch by inch | little by little |
l) dimensions | division 5 feet by 5 feet | 12 by 3 = 4
m) to the extent of by 3 feet
n) according to by
my observation
o) in accordance with by the principle | by the rule | by her leave
p) with respect / regard to by
birth | by profession | by trade | knowledge
by 5 pm by John by train by
the river
by day accident by chance by letter
by comparison by
express by election by force
by heart by
mistake by all means by marriage
by name by
request by stages
George always travels by
night.
Ali’s uncle works as a
night security guard and so he has to sleep by day.
Fanny and her family live by a river.
They will have weeded
the garden by next Tuesday.
That book is written by
Jane.
He always goes to school
by bus.
19. despite = in spite of
----- without being affected
by the factors mentioned
Despite poverty, Samy
works very hard to earn a living.
In spite of poverty, Samy works very hard to earn a living.
20. down x up
a) from a high / higher point to the one
lower ----- fall down | hang down 74
b) at / to a lower part of -----
walk down the street | down the river
c) periods of time / throughout ----- clothes / fashion down
the ages
When Lina saw the fire
accident, tears ran down her cheeks continuously.
The old man walked down
the street slowly.
21. for
a) to receive / benefit from sth -----
buy for| save ….for | leave sth for |
b) indicating purpose / function -----
for a stroll | for a walk | for sales |
for slicing bread | for
prising open
c) indicating aim, destination / reason -----
books for children | leave Sibu for
Thailand | for
sale / hire | read for knowledge / pleasure |
d) in order to help / benefit ----- do the work for someone | take sth for
someone | fight for |
take the medicine for stomach-ache
e) as a penalty, price / reason for sth -----
fine for speeding | for RM10.00 | for
bravery
f) as
the replacement of sth ----- exchange for | word for word |
g) as the representative of sth / meaning ----- speak for | stand for | petition for |
cheer for
h) in defence of / support of sth -----
for / against
i) in order to obtain sth ----- apply for | search for | wait for | cry for
| ask for | hope for |
for advice |
affection for basis
for competence for desire for
consideration for for
certain for example for effect
for fun for
hire for instance for keeps
flair for hope
for love for receipt for
capacity for award
for excuse for fondness for
for ransom opportunity
for preparation for volunteer for
inclination for
The little boy carried
the bag for his grandmother.
Mary’s sister bought a
story book for her.
Tina waits for her
mother at the school gate every day.
22. from
a) starting at a place / time ----- from 8am to 5 pm
b) the original place sth is sent / given by ----- from Germany
c) indicating who sent, gave / communicated ----- from Joan
d) indicating the lower limit of a range of
numbers, prices, etc ----- from RM 5
e)
indicating the distance between the two places ----- from Sibu to Kuching
f) indicating the state / form of sb / sth
before the change ----- made from
grapes
from Hong Kong from A to B hide from come from
run away from escape
from made from from Tom
Nina is from Sweden.
The scouts travelled
from Kuching to Sibu by bus.
The rabbit has escaped
from the cage. 75
23. in
a) at a point within the area / volume of
sth -----in the world | in Africa
b)
within the shape of sth -----in a chair (on a chair) |in a sofa | in the bottle
c) during -----in April | in
2009 |
in spring | summer | autumn | winter
d) after (a maximum of time) ----- in a few hours | in a week
e) indicating ratio ----- 1 in 10
f) wearing (clothes, colour, etc) -----dressed in red | in rag
g) indicating physical surroundings,
circumstances, etc ----- in the rain |
sun | cold
h) indicating the state / condition of sb /
sth -----in a mess | in ruins | in
poverty
i) indicating arrangement, forms, quantity,
shape, etc ----- in group | in rows
| in a pony-tail | in
….. parts | in folds | in thousands
k) indicating
the materials, means, mediums, etc ----
in cotton | in code | in pencil
| in ink | in italics, capital, etc | in English
| in a few words | in a loud voice
| in cash
l) use to
introduce the name of a particular person
You will find a good
friend in Mary.
in advance in agony in anger in
the balance in brief
in cameral in cash in general in difficulty in
common in silence in theory believe faith in in one’s opinion
specialist in behaviour in proficiency in in
moderation
confidence in experience
in improvement in variation in
perseverance in different
in / from disappointed in / with
interested in limited
in lucky in / at in this classroom
in Singapore
in 2009 in June in
a hurry
in great danger in
front of look in swim in
participate in intervene
in
He was born in October
in 1957.
You have to tell them in
advance.
It is true in theory but
may not be true in reality.
24. into
a) --- moving
to a point within a space / volume -----
into my pocket
---
in the direction of sth ----- into the microphone
---
to a point one hits ----- run into a car | driving into the sun
b) until a point during sth ----- into the night | well into the old age
c) indicating a change in form as a result of an
action ------ change into | cut into
fold into | turn into
--- indicating a change into a specified action /
condition ----- frighten sb into
Submission |
shocked into | came into power
crash into dive
into jump into pour into put
into
transform into
The lorry crashed into a
tree here yesterday.
The
boy dived into the river like a duck.
Nora put her hairpin
into her bag. 76
25. like
a)
similar to ----- like father like son | like a
queen | sound like | look like
b) characteristics of sb / sth -----
like Mary
c) in the manner of sb / sth -----
like children | like an old man
Tina
often behaves like a queen.
Like Lucy, she plays
basketball very well.
The old lady talks and
thinks like a child.
26. of
a) (i) belonging
to sb / sth ----- a friend of Ali’s | a book of hers
| a picture of mine
(ii) a part of the whole ----- a
leg of the chair | a door of the car |
(iii) referring to
one’s rights / duties
----- the duties of a security guard | the rights
of women
| the rights
of children
b) originating from (a background) / living in
(a place)
----- a representative of the Malay, Indian and
Chinese descent
| the workers of Malaysia
| a lady of humble origin
a)
created by (referring to the work as a whole) -----
the art pieces of Ahmad
| the handicrafts of Madam
Loi | the designs of Mr Tong
d) concerning / depicting sb / sth
----- a photograph of yours | a
picture of the sultan | a map of Sibu
| a story of her
hardships and difficulties |
----- about sb / sth
----- My grandmother told us a lot of interesting
stories of her childhood.
-----
She likes to tell her friends of her teaching experience.
e) indicating the material used to make sth
-----
This table is made of wood. But
this car is made of plastics.
f) used to show the special grammatical
relationship
(i) introducing the object of an action expressed
by the preceding noun
-----
the collector of antiques | the lover of flora and fauna | the
caretaker of the historical buildings | the hope of being rescued
(ii) introducing
the subject of an action expressed by the preceding noun
-----
the beliefs of the people | the victims of fire accident
| the crimes
of the area
g) (i) indicating
what is contained, counted or measured
-----
an hectare of land | a tin of food | a box of pencils | a dozen of eggs
|
(ii) used with quantitative pronouns like -----
many of / much of /(a) few of /
(a) little of / a large of number of / a large
amount of / a great of / none of
(iii) superlative degree -----
the tallest boy of them | the most talkative of all
h) (i) used
in expressions showing distance in time and space
-----
a town 10 miles east of Kuching | no parking 100 metres of the building
(ii) used in dates
She was born on the
21st of March.
i) so that sb no longer has / suffer from sth
----- deprive of | relieved of | rob of | cure of |
j) indicating a cause ----- ashamed of | die of | proud of
k) introducing a phrase in apposition ----- at the age of 10 | on the subject of
environment
| the issue of cleanliness |
l) introducing a phrase describing a preceding
noun ----- a boy of many interests |
a raincoat of green colour | a man of
genius | a garden of friendship 77
m) used
between the nouns, the first describing the second
----- the humour of a
person | the generosity of a man
| the confidence
of a person
n)
in relation
to sth; concerning ----- the result of the debate
| the issue of old age
| the topic of speech | the news of
winning
o) It
is / was adj + of (object)
It is polite of you to
take off your shoes before you enter the building.
It is kind of them to
help us.
27. off
a) down / away from a position on sth ----- fall
off a ladder / tree / bicycle
| keep off the grass |
take off your shoes |
b)
at some distance from ----- island 50 miles east off the hinterland
a path off Jalan Muar |
28. on
a) in / into a position
(i) forming
part of a surface ----- a book on the desk | a drawing on the
whiteboard | a clock on the wall | a
teapot on the table
(ii)
supported by / attached to sb / sth ----- a roof on a house | a shirt on a nail
| a flag on a pole | a ring on his
fourth finger | a stain on his shirt
b) in / into a large public vehicle
----- on a train | on a plane | on (in) a bus | on
the coach
c) being carried by; in possession of
----- He has a lot of cash on him.
d)
(i) indicating
when sth happens
----- on Tuesday | on 7th April | on my
birthday | on this occasion
| on a rainy day
(ii) (upon) at /
immediately after the time / occasion of
----- on my arrival home | on his inquiry | on the
death of her grandfather |
e) about; concerning -----
/ lecture / speak / talk / write on health
f) indicating a membership of a group / an
organisation
-----
on the committee / jury / panel / staff
g) regularly consuming sth ----- on diet | on petrol | on fish | on
these tablets
h) (indicating direction) towards ----- turn
one’s back on sb | draw / pull a knife on
(attack) | on the right / left | creep up
on sb
i)
(upon) ----- near | close to (a place / time) a village on the beach
| a house on Jalan Tiong Hua
j) (indicating a basis, ground / reason for
sth) ----- because of; as a result
based on fact | a story
on his struggle | on his advice |
on my word
k)
financially supported by sb / sth ----- live on one’s pension / savings / grants
| be on a low wage | feed
on
l)
by means of; using
----- listen on the radio | on TV
| play on the recorder
| on the telephone
m) (upon) indicating an increase , esp of cost ----- a
tax on 4-digit number
| a charge on loan | a strain on our resources
n)
indicating an activity, a purpose / state -----
on business | on holiday
| on an errand | on loan |
on special offer
o)
in addition to sth; following -----
disaster on disaster; insult on insult;
on account on
the alert depend on on
a diet on edge
on condition on approval on
impulse advice on on purpose
on the air emphasis on on schedule operation on on good terms
29. over
a) resting on the surface of and
partly or completely covering sb / sth
----- spread over | put sth
over sb
John spread a plastic
sheet over the sand.
Jean’s mother put a
blanket over her just now.
b) in / to a position higher
than but not touching sb / sth
A flock of birds flew over
our school just now. (fly over)
Some dark clouds are over
our heard.
There is a CCTV
(close-circuit TV) hanging over there.
c) (i) from one side to another; across -----
jump over | run over | escape
over |
climb over | go over the mountain
(ii) on the far / opposite side of sth
Ping Ping lives over the street. A few years ago, she lived over the hill.
d) everywhere ----- all over the
town | all over the world
e) more than (a specific time,
amount, cost, etc)
The boy scouts stayed there
over a week.
Tom is over 80 kg in weight.
These 3 mackerels weigh over
2 kilogrammes.
f) indicating authority,
control, superiority, etc ----- rule over | control over |
g) indicating the passing of time while doing, having, eating, etc sth;
during
They wrote the report over a
week.
They had a discussion over
dinner.
They will go overseas over Christmas and the
New Year.
h) because of / concerning
sth
They often argue over
various issues.
i) transmitted by sth
She got the news over the
radio.
They often chat for a long
time over the mobile telephone.
k) idiom -----
over and above
over the mark influence over precedence over control over
triumph over preside over
30. to
a) (i) in the direction / towards
George walks to school every day.
On the way to town, I met my old friend.
face-to-face | from place to place | from
town to town
(ii) located in a specified direction from sth
to the
east /west / south/ north
The tower is to the east of the town.
b) towards (a condition, quality, state, etc); reaching
the state of sth
bring / move / reduce to
tears / rise to power / 79
c) (i) as far as; reaching
She likes to wear the maxi-skirt to the
floor.
They extended their hands to the poor and
weak.
(ii) until and including -----
from 8 am to 5 pm | drenched/ soaked to the skin |
trained to
perfection | from beginning to end | from Saturday to Sunday
d) (of time) before -----
a quarter to 11am
e) associate with certain
verbs --- give ( sth) to | send (sth )
to |
f) belong to sb / sth ; for ----- the key to the door |
g) in the ratio ------
2 : 1 ----- 2 to 1 | 1 : 100
h) making (sth) ; adding up
to
There are 100 cents to a
dollar.
There are 3 feet to a yard.
i) indicating a rate -----
30 km to a litre of petrol | 3 metres needed to a dress
j) indicating a possible
range ----- 15 to 30 of age | 3 to 6 feet in depth and width
k) in honour of sb / sth -----
drink to the health of sb | a toast to the success of |
l) close enough to touching -----
cheek to cheek | bumper to bumper | back to back
m) associated with certain verbs
– go to town | come to her senses | rush to
n) concerning sth
----- equal right to education /
job opportunities
| a solution to a problem |
be devoted to | be dedicated |
o) causing sth -----
to my amazement / astonishment / surprise / shame
p) Verbs of perception -----
appear | feel | look
How does it appear to
you?
What does it look like to
you?
q) satisfying sb / sth
The decoration of the hall
is not decorated to his taste.
to
all appearance to any length to death to
my knowledge
attention to attitude to
in addition to access to
to my disgust aversion to
allegiance to
31. towards
a) in the direction of sb /
sth ----- walk towards the canteen | drive towards the
town
b) moving closer to achieving
sth
The
discussion helps them to move towards the goal.
The course enables them to
move towards greater understanding the concepts.
c) in relation to sb / sth
The children are very friendly
towards one another.
The old lady has no fear towards death.
d) with the aim of acquiring /
contributing to sth
The funds will go towards
helping the old folks and orphans.
The money collected will go
towards helping the fire victims.
e) near a point in time
Towards the end of his
childhood, he experienced hardships and difficulties.
She fell very sick towards
her twelfth birthday.
32. through
a) (i) from one end / side of the tunnel / passage
to the other end
The thief climbed in through the window.
The children crawled through a tunnel.
(ii) from one side of a surface / screen to the
other side
George looked into the office through the
glass window.
They drove carefully through the thick mist.
80
Shelly filtered the coffee
through a sieve.
Nora waded through the water
carefully.
(iii) passing from one side to another side (sth hard
/ resistant)
The bulldozer cut through
the land.
The little boy was soaked
through with rainwater.
(iv) passing through a crowd, forest, street and
the like
The man pushed through the
crowd to get a better view.
The hunter went through the
forest to look for game.
The old man walked through
the street to reach the old shop to meet his friends.
b) from the beginning to the end
of sth
The mother waited at the
baby side through the night.
James was too tired to sit
through the long meeting.
Rita took care of her
grandmother through her long illness.
c) (i) indicating a means / agent
through a newspaper
advertisement | through his
recommendation |
through his help
(ii) indicating the cause / reason
She fell down the bicycle through
careless.
Molly missed the bus through
getting up late.
d) pass a barrier / avoiding a
control imposed by law
It is not possible for you
to bring the pet to pass through the custom without
permission.
It is wrong to pass through
the red light.
33. throughout
a) in / into every part of
sth
Mud covered throughout the
place after the floods.
Everybody is in festive mood throughout the
country.
b) during the whole duration of
sth
There is sunshine here
throughout the year.
Sally enjoyed her work
throughout her career.
34. under
a) in / to / through a position
directly below
under a desk | under a chair
| under a tree
b) below the surface of sth;
covered by
She put her head under the
water for a while.
The little girl hid herself
under the bed-sheet for fun.
c) in / to a position next to /
lower than sth
a temple under the mountain
| a drain under the pavement
d) (i) younger than a specified age
The competition is eligible to those under
18 .
The 50% air ticket discount
is not offered to those under 55.
(ii) less than a specified amount, distance or
time
e) (i) lower in rank than sb; responsible to the
authority of
He is our senior. We are all under him.
81
(ii) governed / led by sb
Under the new
leadership, the company renew the vitality and life to progress.
The
orphanage under Madam Tong enjoys greater freedom and better welfare.
(iii) according to the terms of an agreement,
a law or a system
Under the democratic
system, people enjoy equality, rights and fraternity.
Under the terms of
agreement, the tenants are not allowed to cook.
f) carrying a specified burden
The trainees have to
walk 100m under the weight of 10 kg of load.
The workers work under
some pressure in that company.
g) (i) being in the state of sth
The man was under the
spell of his dream.
We have to detour because
the other road is under repair / construction.
Whether the state is going to ban the use of
plastic bags or not is still under
consideration / discussion.
(ii) being affected by sb / sth
The little boy is under the influence of his older
siblings.
The
man was under the intoxication of wine.
h) (i) using a particular name
He bought the house
under his wife’s name.
She was brought up under
the name of Chayi Chai.
(ii) classified as sth
The words like ‘many,
much, few, little, some, any, …..’ are classified under
‘Determiners’.
The
books on physics, chemistry, biology and the like are classified under non-
fiction.
i) being planted with sth
Most of the land here is
now under oil palm.
The land here was once
under pineapple, durians and other local fruits.
under arrest under a cloud under the same roof under orders
under
repair
under the impression
35. with
X without
a) (i) in the company / presence of sb / sth
Cecilia often goes shopping
with her mother.
Mr Tiong always spends
Sunday with his family.
The little girl likes to
play with her Barbie doll very much.
(ii) in the care, charge and possession of sb
Peter left the car home with
his parents.
Tom put the book there with the
receptionist.
c) having / carrying sth
The old lady always carries
an umbrella with her when she goes out.
To protect her eyes from
strong sunlight, she always wears a pair of dark glasses
and a hat.
The shirt with many pockets
look weird.
d) (i) indicating a tool /
instrument used
He opened the can with a can opener.
Olivia writes with her left hand.
Albert cut the tree with a chain saw. 82
(ii) indicating the material or item used
Tina’s mother likes to cook chicken with
curry.
Rita likes to make cakes with juice
extracted from pine leaves.
The lorry is loaded with goods.
e) (i) agreeing with; supporting sb / sth
He agreed with us to renovate the house in
December.
Susan is with us all the time in
conserving and preserving environment.
(ii) in opposition to sth; against sth
The little boy always fights with her little sister.
They had chess competition with
another school.
We are at war with drug menace.
The two sisters often
argue with each other.
f) because of sth; on account of
sth
Tina blushed with
embarrassment when she found she wore the blouse inside out.
The judges were shaking
with laughter at the first sight of Susan Boyle.
g) indicating the condition,
circumstances and the manner in which sth is done
She will perform the task
with pleasure.
With some effort, we can conserve,
protect and preserve our environment.
Susan Boyle sang the whole
song with ease.
Helen can’t sleep with the
light on.
The host welcomed the guests
with open arms.
h) in the same direction as sth
sail with the wind | swim
with the tide | drift with the current
i) because of and at the same
rate as
Familiarity will grow with
practice.
Enzyme vinegar will form
with time with the skin of fruits, brown sugar and water.
We learn a language with
exposure.
j) concerning; in regard to and
towards sb / sth
Ulrich was angry with his
neighbour.
Paul is careful with his
money.
Tina is pleased with her
purchase of a new book shelf.
k) in the case of sb / sth; as
regard sb/ sth
It is the problem of
laziness with the person.
It is a matter of effort and
time with the acquisition of the language.
l) and also; including sth
Eating breakfast with an
egg and some vegetables helps a person to maintain
weight.
With a set of Tupperware, the
refrigerator costs RM1000.
You can manage your life
better with some preparation and expectation.
m) as an employee / a client of
an organisation
George has been with that
company for 20 years.
n) indicating separation with sb
/ sth
part with | dispense with
o) considering one fact in
relation to another
He can’t afford to go
travelling with his friends with so many instalments to pay.
With only a week left to
complete the project, they have to work harder and longer.
p) despite; in spite of
He still loves the son with
all his failures
People still live there with
all the hardships and difficulties. 83
mix with | play with | carry with | with
care | with consent | with difference |
with interest | with pleasure |
discontent with |familiar with | sympathy with|
patient with | agree with |a row with
|quarrel with| in competition with | tremble
with fear |numb with cold | with
permission | with great speed |
36. without
a) not having/ experiencing/
showing sth
Yalee often eats dinner
without meat or fish.
The man was so sad that he left without a
word.
Rita entered the hall
without permission.
b) not accompanied by sb/sth; in
the absence of sb/sth
Tom can’t live without television.
Olivia never goes out
without carrying an umbrella.
Maria can’t go on a day
without listening to the radio.
c) not using
You can’t open the door with
the right key.
The old lady got cured of
uric acid without taking any medicine.
Mrs Chong grow organic
vegetables and fruits without using any chemical fertiliser.
without assistance without ceremony without
delay without mercy
without prejudice without permission without preservatives
37. within
a) (i) after not more than the specified period of
time
Ella completed the work
within an hour.
The workers built the road
within a week.
(ii) ~ sth – not further than the specified
distance from sth
They live within 10 km of
the town.
There is a library and a
park within 3 km of town centre.
Most people prefer to work
within 5 km of their houses.
b) inside the range or limits of
sb / sth
We are advised to live
within the income.
Meena’s mother always keeps
her little sister within sight.
The price of the houses are
not within the reach of 40% of the people.
c) (fml) inside (sth)
The scouts could only stay
within the tents on the first day.
The children are playing
within the compound. 84
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