Wednesday, 25 September 2013

T18 Adjectives



Topic 18
Adjectives
A.  Qualitative Adjectives
B.  Predicative Adjectives
C.  Attributive Adjectives

Adjectives may be formed from nouns / verbs  by adding ‘al /able/ en / ful / less / ish/ ive  / ous / some………..’
Adjectives are words which modify nouns.  Qualitative Adjectives are adjectives that identify a quality that someone / something has.  Verbal Adjectives are Qualitative Adjectives, too.

A.  Qualitative Adjectives
1.  able                   (ability)                  2.  accidental          (accident)
3.  admirable          (admire)                 4.  adventurous       (adventure)
5.  affectionate       (affection)              6.  angry                (anger)
7.  anxious             (anxiety)                8.  athletic              (athlete)
9.  attentive           (attention)             10. attractive                   (attract)
11. beautiful           (beauty)                 12.  big                  (-)
13. bold                 (boldness)              14.  boyish             (boy)   girl    (girlish)
15. brave               (bravery)                16.  brief                (-)
17. believable         (belief)                   18.  boastful           (boast)
19. careful / careless (care)                    20.  restful / restless (rest)
21. cautious            (caution)                 22.  central             (centre)
23. cheap               (-)                         24.  changeable      (change)
25. childish             (child)                    26.  choosy            (choose)
27. circular             (circle)                   28.  collective         (collect)
29. comfortable      (comfort)                30.  competitive      (compete)
31. correct             (correction)             32.  curable            (cure)
33. courageous       (courage)                34.  cowardly                   (coward)
35. crafty               (craft)                    36.  critical             (critics)
37. cruel                 (cruelty)                 38.  creative           (create)
39. dangerous         (danger)                 40.  decisive           (decide)
41.  decorative        (decoration)           42.  descriptive       (describe)
43.  destructive       (destroy)                44.  disastrous        (disaster)
45.  distant            (distance)               46.  dutiful             (duty)
47.  energetic         (energy)                 48.  enjoyable         (enjoy)
49.  envious            (envy)                    50.  endurable        (endure)
51.  faithful            (faith)                    52.  famous            (fame)
53.  (father)ly/(mother)ly/(brother)ly     54.  faulty              (fault)
55.  friendly            (friend)                  56.  favourable        (favour)
57.  fiery                (fire)                      58.  foolish             (fool)
59.  forceful            (force)                             60.  forgetful          (forget)
61.  fortunate         (fortune)                 62.  furious             (fury)                    
63.  great               (greatness)             64.  glorious           (glory)
65.  golden             (gold)                    66.  graceful           (grace)
67.  good               (-)                         68.  gigantic           (giant)
69.  habitual           (habit)                             70.  harmful            (harm)
71.  hateful             (hate)                    72.  healthy            (health) wealthy  (wealth)
73.  hot                 (heat)                    74.  high                (height)
75.  helpful             (help)                     76.  heroic              (hero)
77.  hopeful            (hope)                             78.  horrible           (horror)
79.  imaginative; imaginary (imagine)    80.  industrious; industrial  (industry)
81.  intelligent        (intelligence)          82.  inventive         (invent)
83.  joyful              (joy)                      84.  jealous            (jealousy)
85.  lawful              (law)                      86.  long                (length)
87.  loveable           (love)                     88.  luxurious                   (luxury)
89.  major              (majority)               90.  minor              (minority)
91.  marvellous       (marvel)                 92.  merciful           (mercy)
93.  mischievous     (mischief)               94.  mountainous    (mountain)
95.  musical            (music)                   96.  mysterious       (mystery)
97.  national           (nation)                 98.  natural            (nature)
99.  noisy               (noise)                   100. northern         (north)  southern (south)
101.  noticeable      (notice)                  102. nosey             (-)
103.  obedient        (obey)                    104.  occasional      (occasion)
105.  original                   (origin)                  106.  organic          (-)
107.  parental         (parent)                 108.  patient          (patience)
109.  personal        (person)                 110.  peaceful         (peace)
111.  picturesque    (picture)                 112.  pitiful            (pity)
113.  poetic            (poet)                    114.  poisonous      (poison)
115.  proud            (pride)                             116.  prosperous     (prosper)
117.  quarrelsome   (quarrel)                 118.  queer             (-)
119.  reasonable     (reason)                 120.  rich               (richness)
121.  scientific        (science)                122.  sensible         (sense)
123.  shady            (shade)                  124.  silky              (silk)
125.  skilful            (skill)                     126.  smoky           (smoke)
127.  sorrowful       (sorrow)                 128.  spiritual         (spirit)
129.  stormy           (storm)                  130.  strong           (strength)
131.  studious         (study)                   132.  successful       (success)
133.  talkative        (talk)                     134.  terrible          (terror)
135.  thoughtful      (thought)               136.  troublesome   (trouble)
137.  thirsty           (thirst)                   138.  truthful          (truth)
139.  valuable         (value)                   140.  victorious       (victory)
141.  volcanic         (volcano)                142.  watery           (water)
143.  western         (west)                    144.  wintry           (winter)
145.  wise              (wisdom)                146.  witty             (wit)
147.  woollen         (wool)                    148.  young            (youth)                  39

B.  Predicative Adjectives
Predicative Adjectives are adjectives that occur without a noun after Verb-to-be and other linking Verbs.
Intensive Verbs
a)  Verb-to-be
          am
          is        was
          are     were           
 

          have
          has     had    been  

          can     / could
          may   / might
          shall  / should            be  
          will   / would
          must
          ought to

b)  other linking verbs
      1) appear 2) become  3) fall  4) feel 5) go  6) get  7) keep  8) look 9) prove
      10) seem  11) smell  12) sound  13) stay  14) taste  15) turn

Examples:
1.  [I] am tired now.
               xxxxx
2.  [You] are busy now.                                                                                 
                    xxxx
3.  [Shelley] is kind to her pet.
     [She] has been kind to her pet.
                            xxxx
4.  [The little girl] must be hungry.    
                                        xxxx
5.  [John] fell asleep in class yesterday.                                                 
                      xxxx
6.  [Hassan] felt surprised to meet us here.
                          xxxxxx         
7.  * Be more organised and self-disciplined.   (F4)
                       xxx                         xxxxx
8.  [Tina] has to be hardworking and obedient to gain points for a present.
                     ----    xxxxxx                    xxxx

(xx ----- adjectives)      ;   ------ to-infinitive

C.  Attributive Adjectives
     An Attributive Adjective is placed before the noun to modify it.  
                                                                                                                   40
Examples:                                                                                                                                                                                                              

1.  [It] is /an interesting book/.  
                    xxxxx
2.  [Nobody] dares to get near (that fierce dog).                                             
                                                    xxxx 
3.  [George] is /an amicable boy/.
                             xxxxx
4.  [Global warming] will result in food crisis.
       xxxx
5.  [No one] likes (a naughty and disobedient boy.)
                               xxxxxxx                         xxxxx
6.  [Understanding parents] always create (conducive environment) for (their children).
       Xxxxxxxx                                                  xxxxxx                              

Most adjectives are both predicative and attributives.

Examples:
1.  [This] is /an interesting book/.  (attributive)
     [This book] is /interesting/.       (predicative)
2.  [That fierce dog] belongs to Maria.   (attributive)
      [That dog] is fierce.  [That dog] is very fierce.  (predictive)
3.  [He] has (a new car).
     [His car] is /new/.
4.  Can you lift up (that heavy stone)?
     [That stone] is very heavy.
5.  Tom is /a very naughty boy/.
     Tom is /very naughty/.

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