Topic 25 Comparison
of Adjectives and Adverbs
There are 3 degrees of adjectives and 3 degrees of
adverbs of manner. It is verb that
decides whether you use adjectives or adverbs of manner. If you use intensive verbs ----- ‘verb-to-be
| other linking verbs’, you use adjective.
If you use extensive verbs which indicate the doing of an action, then
you use adverbs of manner to modify action verbs
I. Comparison
of Adjectives
----- A1 Positive Degree
-----
A2 Comparative
Degree
-----
A3 Superlative
Degree
A. Regular Forms
a) A1 A2 A3
er/ r est / st
great greater greatest
bitter bitterer bitterest
brave braver bravest
big bigger biggest
dry
drier driest
gay gayer gayest
For those
adjectives which we can’t add ‘er / r’, we use ‘more’; ‘est/st’, we use ‘most’.
b) more most
tactful more tactful most tactful
sensitive more sensitive
most sensitive
careful more careful most careful
c)
Verbal Adjectives F2 / F4
interesting
more interesting most interesting
interested
more interested most interested
frustrating more
frustrating most frustrating
frustrated
more frustrated most frustrated
B.
Ir-Regular Forms (Irregular
Forms)
A1 A2 A3
good better best
bad worse worst
many more much (countable)
much more much (uncountable)
little less least 55
old older oldest (age)
elder eldest
(seniority)
late later latest
latter last
far farther farthest (distance)
further furthest
(degree)
C. Verb-to-be + Adjective
a) am
b) have
is was has had been
are
were
c) can / could
may / might
shall / should be
will / would
must
ought to
d) [S] verb to be + adjective
D. Other linking verbs + adjective
(1) appear
(2) become (3) fall (4) feel (5) get (6) go (7)
keep (8) look
(9) prove
(10) seem (11) smell
(12) sound
(13) stay (14) taste (15) turn
E. Adjectives in 3 degrees
a) Positive Degree (A1)
i) as ………….as
[I] am as happy as
Helen.
[Jim] is as talkative
as Tim.
[Jean] feels as
frustrated as Lina.
[This book] is as
interesting as that book.
ii) not so ………..as
[Minah] is not so happy as I.
[Peter] is not so anxious as Paul.
[Alice] was
not so surprised as George.
[Queuing for hours for a
purpose] is not as irritating
as that of traffic jam.
b) Comparative Degree (A2)
----- than
[John] is taller than Shelly.
[Peter] is more talkative than Albert.
[Hassan] feels more frustrated than Jean.
[That game] is more interesting than this
one.
c) Superlative Degree (A3) 56
[James] is the tallest among them.
[Maria] is the most talkative of all.
[Arnold] feels
most frustrated of all.
[This TV series] is most interesting of all.
F. Senior to | Junior to| superior to | inferior
to
1. [He] is my senior.
= He is in the higher
position than I.
[He] is senior to me by five years.
= He is five years older
than I.
2. [She] is my junior.
= She is in the lower
position than I.
[She] is junior to Mary by two years.
= She is two years younger
than Mary.
3. superior to
[This television set] is superior to that television
set.
= This television set is
better than that television set.
4. inferior to
[This refrigerator] is inferior to that
refrigerator.
= This refrigerator is not
as good as that refrigerator.
5. prefer (X) to (Y)
Prefer (noun / F2) to (noun
/ F2)
[I] prefer (oranges) to (apples).
[She] prefers (singing) to (dancing).
G. Which is A2, ……….. or …………..?
Which is heavier, gold or
silver?
Which food processor is
better, this one or that one?
II. Comparison of Adverbs
You always use extensive
verbs which indicate doing of an action.
In other words,
you always use ordinary
verbs like ----- run, dance, walk,
speak…………………
----- D1 Positive
Degree
----- D2 Comparative
Degree
----- D3 Superlative
Degree
A. Regular Forms
D1 D2 D3
a) er / r est / st
soon sooner soonest
near nearer nearest
close closer closest
late later latest
b)
more most
kindly more kindly
most kindly
carefully
more carefully most
carefully
slowly more slowly
most slowly 57
quickly more quickly
most quickly
politely more
politely most politely
angrily more angrily
most angrily
B. Ir-Regular Forms
D1 D2 D3
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
C. Adverbs in Degrees
a) Positive Degree
as……………….as
[Henry] walks fast.
Henry walks as fast as
Albert.
[May] dances beautifully.
May dances as beautifully as
Becky.
b) Comparative Degree
…….than……….
[Tom] walks faster than Henry.
Tina dances more beautifully
than May.
c) Superlative Degree
[Helen] walks fastest of us all.
[Catherine] dances most
beautifully of them all.
III. Adjectives and Adverbs having the same form.
A1/D1 A1/D1 A1/D1
fast faster fastest
well better best
early
earlier earliest
late later latest
IV. The Difference -------- Verb
a) Verb-to-be
+ adjective
b) other linking verbs + adjective
c) Ordinary verbs + Adverbs
Adjective and Adverb in Degrees
He is fast in driving. He drives fast.
He is faster than his
brother in thinking. He thinks faster
than his brother.
He is the
fastest runner of all the boys here. He
runs fastest of all the boys here
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